El presente perfecto – Inglés
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Se forma a partir del tiempo presente del verbo have-has y el participio pasado de un verbo.
Usamos el presente perfecto:
- Por algo que comenzó en el pasado y continúa en el presente:
They´ve been married for nearly twenty years.
Han estado casados por casi veinte años.
She has lived in Birmingham all her life.
Ella ha vivido en Birmingham toda su vida.
- Cuando hablamos de nuestra experiencia hasta el presente:
I´ve played the piano ever since I was a teenager.
He tocado el piano desde que era un adolescente.
He has written four books and he is working on another one.
Él ha escrito cuatro libros y está trabajando en otro.
- A menudo usamos el adverbio siempre para hablar de la experiencia hasta el presente:
His last birthday was the worst day he has ever had.
Su último cumpleaños fue el peor día que ha tenido.
- Por algo que sucedió en el pasado pero que es importante en el presente:
I cannot open my car. I lost my keys
No puedo abrir mi auto. Perdí mis llaves.
- A menudo usamos el presente perfecto con adverbios que se refieren al pasado reciente:
1. recently
2. just
3. only just
They have just returned from their trip.
Ellos recién han retornado de su viaje.
- O con adverbios que incluyen el presente:
1. so far
2. until
3. now
4. up to now
5. ever (in questions)
6. still (in negatives)
7. yet (in questions and negatives)
Have you ever seen the rain?
¿Alguna vez has visto la lluvia?
Where have they been up to now?
¿Dónde han estado ellos hasta ahora?
They have just returned from their trip.
Ellos recién han retornado de su viaje.
Después de una cláusula con el presente perfecto, a menudo usamos (since) (desde) para mostrar cuándo algo comenzó
en el pasado:
I´ve lived here since I left school.
He vivido aquí desde que salí de la escuela.
Positive Positive Short Form
I have lived I´ve lived
you have studied you´ve studied
she has written she´s written
she has washed she´s washed
it has snowed it´s snowed
we have told you we´ve told you
they have gone they´ve gone
SUJETO + HAVE/HAS + VERBO PASADO PARTICIPIO + COMPLEMENTO
The negative is really simple too. Just put “not” after “have” or “has”:
Negative Negative ShortForm
I have not eaten lunch today I haven´t eaten
you have not been to Australia. you haven´t been
he has not seen the new movie he hasn´t seen
he has not played he hasn´t played
it has not rained this spring it hasn´t rained
we have not slept at all we haven´t slept
they have not cooked the meal they haven´t cooked
SUJETO + HAVE/HAS + NOT+ V. PASADO PARTICIPIO+ COMPLEMENTO
To make a question, put “have” or “has” in front of the subject:
Yes / No – Questions
have I took the train?
have you stayed abroad?
has he visited a doctor before?
has he met Johanna?
has it got cold today?
have we arrived there?
have they studied English before?
HAVE/HAS + SUJETO+ V. PASADO PARTICIPIO+COMPLEMENTO+?